Repercussions of the Civil War

The Afghan Civil War and Refugee Crisis (1980s - 1990s)

The Afghan Civil War, a from 1978 to 2001, was fueled by political, ethnic, and ideological differences, leading to the deaths of millions and the displacement of countless Afghans.

The Soviet intervention in 1979 further escalated the war, resulting in a decade-long occupation and resistance from Afghan Mujahideen groups.

The conflict ended with the Taliban's takeover of the country in 1996, plunging Afghanistan into a new era of turmoil and instability. This civil war left a devastating impact on the Afghan population, creating waves of refugees seeking safety in neighboring countries and beyond.

Rise of the Taliban and New Refugee Exoduses (1990s)

The Taliban emerged in mid 1900s which brought some peace but had a strict code prompting resistance.

There began a anti-Taliban Alliance in north for control which triggered a wave of refugees. The refugees included educated individuals from Kabul who were seeking safety in Pakistan.

Post-Cold War Challenges (Late 1990s)

After the Soviet withdrawal the international funding for Afghanistan declined which complicated the efforts to address the refugee problems.

After the rise of Taliban, sanctions were drawn which created additional challenges for humanitarian efforts which had an impact on both refugees and all of Afghanistan.

Pakistan's frustration with the prolonged conflict and the refugee population led to increased harassment of Afghan refugees.

Post-9/11 and Ongoing Situation (2001 onward)

After 9/11 there was a new phase of conflict due to interference and action of US military which led to displacement of more civilians.

In November 2000, Pakistan closed its border, trapping many Afghans in areas within Afghanistan facing danger and insecurity.

The passage suggests a plea for the international community to learn from past mistakes and address the complex humanitarian and political challenges in Afghanistan.